Cryptography   Top News New International Survey Finds Few Controls. The 1999 Cryptography and Liberty report reveals that few countries worldwide now restrict encryption technologies and that there has been more relaxation of restrictions on encryption by major industrialized countries in the previous year.  GILC Statements and Reports Cryptography and Liberty: An International Survey of Encryption Policy. A world survey of crypto policies released on February 9 has found that most countries do not restrict the use of encryption. February 1998. The 1999 version (written by EPIC) found that there was additional relations in the following year. GILC Resolution in Support of the Freedom to Use Encryption 9/25/96 [FR] -- Resolution urging the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Develeopment (OECD) to "base its cryptography policies on the fundamental right of citizens to engage in private communication." The resolution was issued at the "The Public Voice and the Development of International Cryptography Policy" conference. GILC Statement on Wassenaar Crypto Contols calling on members of the Wassenaar Arragement, an international group of 33 countries to end limits on crypto software and hardware, 14 September 1998. GILC Statement on Spanish Crypto Policy, July 14, 1998. GILC press release. GILC Comments on Canadian Crypto Policy, April 20, 1998. GILC Statement on Proposed UK Crypto Restrictions, February 17, 1998. Press Release. GILC release on G-7 Recommendations on Key Escrow, July 1996.   International Organizations The Organization for Ecomonic Cooperation and Development. Cryptography Policy Guidelines [FR], March 29, 1997. The guidelines stress privacy and the secrecy of communications, the free user choice of cryptography and global standards. Key escrow/key recovery is downplayed. Netizen, "The OECD fails to act on key-escrow encryption. The US accused of "policy laundering", July 19, 1996. G-7. G-7/P-8 Resolution on terrorism. Global Internet Liberty Campaign response to resolution. European Union. European Commission, "Towards A European Framework for Digital Signatures And Encryption." (Zipped Winword DE, EN, FR), October 1997. Privacy International and GILC held a meeting at the European Parliament on "Cryptography and the Internet: Developing Privacy and Security Policy for the European Information Society", September 15, 1997. Wassanaar Arrangement. GILC is coodinating a campaign to relax international controls on encryption software and hardware. GILC Wassenaar page. Council of European Professional Informatics Societies (CEPIS) statement "Governmental Restrictions on Encryption Products Put Security at Risk" . Press release on the statement. European Electronic Messaging Association statement on "European Companies Threatened by US Export Controls on Encryption Technology"  National Pages Australia. Review of policy relating to encryption technologies (Walsh Report). Electronic Frontiers Australia pages on Australian crypto policy. Belgium. A 1994 wiretap law requires govt. access to cryptography. The law was amended in December 1997 to allow for free use of cryptography. Canada. Industry Canada paper and request for submissions on encryption policy, Feb 1998. An analysis of Canadian export controls finding that they are signifigantly more relaxed than the US. Electronic Frontier Canada Statement on Canadian Cryptography Policy, August 14, 1997. 22 members of GILC submitted comments to Industry Canada on April 20, 1998 opposing suggestions to place domestic and export controls on encyption. Columbia. Draft proposal of the Colombian Law on Electronic Commerce, Digital Signatures and Certification Authorities (Proyecto de Ley Sobre Comercio Electrónico, Firmas Digitales y Autoridades de Certificación) . [ES] Denmark. Danish IT-Security Council report (in Danish only) recommending against limitations on citizens rights to cryptography, November 1996. June 1996 press release on the report France. 1996 French law on telecommunications requring key escrow [FR]. Décret n° 98-102 du 24 février 1998. Décret n° 98-101 du 24 février 1998 IRIS, Décrets sur la cryptographie : La logique sécuritaire de la réglementation française demeure inchangée , March 11, 1998. IRIS overview of encryption in France [FR], October 11, 1997. Netizen article on French key escrow scheme, December 5, 1996 [FR]. Overview of using cryptograpy in France [FR]. Le Monde article calling for free use of cryptography in France [FR]. Germany. Federal Act Establishing the General Conditions for Information and Communication Services (IuKDG) [EN] [DE], August 1, 1997. Brief Outline of IuKDG India. Dept. of Electronics, Govt. of India, Cryptography Technology and Policy Directions in the Context of NII, December 1997. Digital Signature Law - A Survey of the International Scenario, October 1997. Ireland. The Irish government released its "Framework for Ireland's Policy on Cryptography and Electronic Signatures" on June 24, 1998. The Framework calls for no domestic or export controls on cryptography. Malaysia. Digital Signature Bill 1997. The Netherlands. Information on the proposed 1994 Netherlands law regulating cryptography. Russia. Presidential Decree 334 on Restriction of cryptography, April 3,1995. It does not appear to be enforced. Sweden. Swedish regulations on export controls [SW]. Regeringskansliet report, Crypto policy: Possible Swedish Lines of Action [SW/EN] United Kingdom. The UK Government released a revised plan for encryption on April 27, 1998. The plan calls for new legislation for accessing keys. Department of Trade and Industry paper on "Regulatory Intent Concerning Use Of Encryption On Public Networks." Responses to the DTI on the licensing of Trusted Third Parties Review of UK policies on encryption. List of responses. Review of Submissions and Appendix to DTI on Proposal, March 1998. GILC Statement, February 17, 1998. Cyber-Rights & Cyber-Liberties (UK) Privacy and Encryption pages. United States. Internet Privacy Coalition. Materials on US Encryption Policy. EPIC Cryptography Policy Archives. American for Computer Privacy - Industry group on export relaxations. In a speech delivered on April 15,1998, Commerce Secretary William Daley described the current U.S. encryption policy as a "failure" and stated that "our own paralysis has made it difficult to persuade other nations to pursue policies similar to ours. In a government document obtained by EPIC, another high-ranking U.S. official acknowledges that "key-escrow" encryption is "more costly and less efficient" than non-escrowed products.  Other Resources European Cryptography Resources page. Crypto Law Survey, (updated regularly).